Pakistan, once the backbone of the economy through its agrarian culture, has seen a gradual transition to other industries a move that deserves applause but also raises concerns about its agricultural sector. Agriculture in Pakistan accounts for a significant portion of the GDP and remains the largest employer, making it the lifeline of the majority of the population. The challenges faced by the agricultural industry are both complex and multifaceted from water scarcity and land fragmentation to the impacts of climate change. In light of these challenges, there is a call for innovative measures to revitalize the sector. This blog will explore the top ten game changer crops that have the potential to transform Pakistan’s agricultural landscape, redefine farming methodologies, and increase the income of our farming community.
1. Olive
The olive tree is truly a remarkable plant, known for its longevity and usefulness. Named in the Quran Pak, it is capable of producing fruit for over a century. Its fruit, the olive, is a staple crop in the Mediterranean region, where it is used to produce the highly prized olive oil that is a core ingredient in Mediterranean cuisine. Interestingly, this tree is part of the same plant family as lilac, jasmine, forsythia, and the true ash tree. While the tree is not native to Pakistan, it can be grown in certain areas with the correct atmosphere, such as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Potohar, Cholistan, and Southern Punjab. The beauty of the olive tree is that it can grow in less watered areas, making it a sustainable crop to grow. It takes about 3-4 years for the tree to bear fruit, but as it grows older, the quantity of fruit it produces increases. On average, one olive tree can produce almost thirty kilograms of fruit, and from 100 kg of olives, we can produce 20-25 liters of olive oil. Spain may be the largest producer of olive oil in the world, but the humble olive tree has a special place in the hearts of many.
Economics:
- Market Demand: Local and export demand for olive oil
- Yield Potential: 300 kg/tree in 6-7 years
- Profitability: Average of $500 per acre more than traditional crops
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2. Palm Tree
Palm trees not only add a tropical feel to landscapes but they also have the potential to decrease import bills in Pakistan. With farming experts claiming Pakistan as the best place for cropping palm trees due to its suitable atmosphere, it’s time Pakistan takes advantage of this potential crop. Currently, Indonesia and Malaysia dominate 80% of the world’s palm oil production, but with Balochistan and Sindh having over 5 lakh acres suitable for farming palm trees, Pakistan has the potential to expand its production. It’s fascinating to think that farmers could earn five times more than wheat by farming palm. With one tree giving an average of 25 kgs of fruit, palm trees could be an excellent source of income for farmers in Pakistan.
3. Canola
Canola oil, one of the most popular vegetable oils, has been in use for centuries. This highly versatile oil is extracted from the seeds of the plant family Brassicaceae and comes in both industrial and edible forms. While historically, it was consumed in limited quantities due to high levels of erucic acid, farmers in Pakistan have discovered its potential to meet the country’s needs for oil production. Its cultivation is feasible in all parts of the country, and the seeds are cost-effective. With its crop maturing in just four months, it is a highly economical choice for farmers who can earn up to three or four times more than wheat cultivation. Additionally, its consumption has numerous health benefits, and the oil itself is comparatively inexpensive.
4. Tea
Tea is not only a daily beverage for many of us but it also holds a significant value in various cultures throughout the world. Did you know that Pakistan is the largest consumer of Tea globally? This means that it’s important for Pakistan to be self-sufficient in growing its own tea. However, Pakistan spends a whopping 2.5 billion dollars yearly only on tea. That’s a huge amount! On average, a person in Pakistan consumes 1.5 kg of tea in a year. Imagine how much money can be saved by growing tea within the region. In addition, there are almost 10 various types of tea that are grown in Pakistan alone. It’s essential to take advantage of the 1.5 lakh acres of land across Kpk and Azad Kashmir that are suitable for tea farming. Growing tea in Pakistan can be a game changer since it can not only fulfill local demand but can potentially provide an opportunity for exports as well.
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5. Cannabis (بھنگ)
Cannabis, commonly known as بھنگ in Pakistan, has been neglected as a serious crop for too long. However, the potential of this plant to generate lucrative income cannot be denied. The global business of cannabis is currently worth 30 billion dollars, predicted to shoot up to 95 billion dollars by 2025. Yet, Pakistan’s share in this industry is akin to a mere grain of salt in a bag of flour. Furthermore, the natural environment of Pakistan makes it an ideal location to cultivate cannabis plants. A single unit or factory of cannabis can cost between 6 to 8 billion dollars, while a good crop can fetch up to 2 crores per acre. Cannabis has extensive uses in pharmaceuticals and is an essential ingredient in CBD products, believed to be highly effective in relieving pain and anxiety. By ignoring the potential of cannabis, Pakistan continues to miss out on an opportunity to participate in a thriving global industry.
6. Saffron ( Zafran )
Saffron, also known as Zafran, is a spice that has been used for centuries to add flavor, color, and aroma to food. This exotic spice is derived from the stigmas and styles of the crocus sativus flower and is known for its vivid crimson hue. Saffron is not only an essential ingredient in many dishes, but it is also a highly prized spice due to its scarcity. It takes almost 1.5 lakh flowers to produce just one kilogram of saffron, and the drying process is intricate and delicate. Interestingly, some areas of Pakistan, particularly those bordering Iran, provide the perfect climate for growing saffron, making it a valuable commodity for the country. Although it may come at a steep price, the unique flavor of saffron is worth every penny.
Economics:
- Market Demand: International markets, particularly in the Middle East and Western countries
- Yield Potential: 1-2 kg/acre
- Profitability: High – can generate income equivalent to six traditional crops
7. Ginger
Ginger is a versatile and valuable crop that has many benefits. Not only is it a tasty ingredient that can be used in a variety of dishes and drinks, but it also has medicinal properties that can help prevent diseases. Despite this, many countries still rely on importing ginger, causing it to become quite expensive. In Pakistan, where ginger is beloved, commercial farming of ginger has only recently begun. While it may be challenging to grow ginger due to its greenhouse requirements, farming experts agree that the crop can thrive in all areas of Punjab. With its high profitability, ginger is definitely a crop worth considering for farmers and entrepreneurs alike.
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8. Mushrooms
Mushrooms are a fascinating and versatile crop that has captured the hearts and taste buds of people worldwide. As one of the most expensive crops to cultivate, mushrooms offer a great return on investment and can be a significant source of income. With so many different species of mushrooms thriving in unique conditions, it’s no wonder these fungi are grown around the globe. Many farmers cultivate mushrooms in greenhouses, although the plains and sandy areas of Pakistan, or the mountainous regions of Kpk, are particularly suitable for these crops to grow. Some species of mushrooms are incredibly expensive, making them a highly sought-after ingredient for fine dining. It’s remarkable that mushrooms can be harvested on four different occasions throughout the year and that they offer a wealth of health benefits to those who consume them. Whether cooked in a dish or taken as a supplement, mushrooms are sure to provide fantastic flavors and nutritional value to any meal.
9. Sweet Corn
Sweet corn, more commonly known as Bhutta, is a game-changer given its reduced crop duration, high yield, and potential as a cash crop. It also offers a refreshing alternative for farmers as it requires less water compared to traditional crops.
Economics:
- Market Demand: High in the local market and potential for export
- Yield Potential: 3-4 tons/acre
- Profitability: Can serve as a complementary crop to traditional cereals
10. Blackberry
Pakistan’s agricultural industry is taking a fresh turn with the launch of collaborative blueberry and blackberry cultivation projects. The Barani Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) will be responsible for launching the blueberry cultivation project, while the Pak Greenland Corporation will lead the project for blackberry cultivation. With eyes on exports to Middle Eastern countries, both organizations aim to tap into Pakistan’s potential for berry production. Suitable soil and a favorable climate afford Pakistan the production of the most heat-tolerant blackberries, but the potential remains largely untapped. With ambitious plans and an investment of Rs200 and Rs157 million respectively, BARI and Pak Greenland Corporation hope to transform the berry industry in Punjab and the northern Gilgit-Baltistan region.
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Conclusion
The agricultural landscape of Pakistan is poised for transformation, with these game changer crops offering not only economic benefits but also contributing to food security, export potential, and environmental sustainability. Through careful planning, investment in research and development, and policy initiatives that support the adoption of these crops, Pakistan’s agricultural sector can not only overcome its current challenges but also emerge as a leader in innovative farming practices. By encouraging diversity in crops and promoting value addition, the agricultural sector can pave the way for a more robust and resilient economy, benefiting both the farmers and the nation. As we move forward, it is essential to embrace these changes and work towards a future where agriculture remains a pillar of strength and sustainability for Pakistan.